# Latest

**URL:** https://discourse.pumas.ai/latest.md

[Latest](https://discourse.pumas.ai/latest.md) · [Categories](https://discourse.pumas.ai/categories.md)

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## [Welcome to Discourse](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/welcome-to-discourse/7)

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**Author:** [@system](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/system)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [July 15, 2019, 11:23am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/welcome-to-discourse/7 "2019-07-15T11:23:59Z")

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This is a platform to discuss the analytics of healthcare data that includes data generated across the entire spectrum of drug development, real-world evidence, observational data that are generated during routine clinic…

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## [Why this error keeps appearing even after I inputted using AlgebraOfGraphs and using PlotUtils](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/why-this-error-keeps-appearing-even-after-i-inputted-using-algebraofgraphs-and-using-plotutils/1439)

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**Author:** [@yjzheng2023](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/yjzheng2023)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [September 21, 2026, 10:20am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/why-this-error-keeps-appearing-even-after-i-inputted-using-algebraofgraphs-and-using-plotutils/1439 "2026-09-21T10:20:00Z")

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UndefVarError: Lines not defined in Main Suggestion: check for spelling errors or missing imports. Hint: a global variable of this name may be made accessible by importing Makie in the current active module Main Hint:…

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## [LicenseSpring cache](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/licensespring-cache/1437)

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**Author:** [@Jrenukuntla](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/Jrenukuntla)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [September 14, 2026, 3:56pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/licensespring-cache/1437 "2026-09-14T15:56:42Z")

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Windows 11, Julia 1.11.8, Pumas 2.8.1. Project installation succeeds and project activates correctly. using Pumas fails before license entry with BundleLoader load\_bundle failed for PumasLicenseManager (rc=12). import Pu…

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## [Using Pumas issue](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/using-pumas-issue/1433)

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**Author:** [@Donald](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/Donald)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [September 14, 2026, 1:55pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/using-pumas-issue/1433 "2026-09-14T13:55:02Z")

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Hello, Sporadically, I’ve been getting the following errors: ERROR: ERROR: Invalid history file (/home/jrun/data/.juliapumas/logs/repl\_history.jl) format: If you have a history file left over from an older version of J…

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## [Dev'ing a local package onto a Pumas/DeepPumas fails due to unavailable required package?](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/deving-a-local-package-onto-a-pumas-deeppumas-fails-due-to-unavailable-required-package/1430)

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**Author:** [@dom-linkevicius](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/dom-linkevicius)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [September 9, 2026, 1:23am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/deving-a-local-package-onto-a-pumas-deeppumas-fails-due-to-unavailable-required-package/1430 "2026-09-09T01:23:44Z")

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Hi, I am writing a small hyper-param optimization package that would allow me to better and more easily use clusters/HPC with Pumas/DeepPumas. I was trying to install it into an existing project (after a few other packag…

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## [Model a mix of correlated and uncorrelated random effects](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/model-a-mix-of-correlated-and-uncorrelated-random-effects/1432)

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**Author:** [@SaiAhil](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/SaiAhil)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [September 8, 2026, 2:12pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/model-a-mix-of-correlated-and-uncorrelated-random-effects/1432 "2026-09-08T14:12:01Z")

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Hello Team, I was trying to replicate an interesting scenario where we are required to model correlation between CL and Vc, but there is no correlation with Ka. Based on the known truth, this was the intended covarian…

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## [Pumas Not starting after Installtion in VS Code](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/pumas-not-starting-after-installtion-in-vs-code/1427)

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**Author:** [@farmacyst](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/farmacyst)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [August 4, 2026, 3:48pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/pumas-not-starting-after-installtion-in-vs-code/1427 "2026-08-04T15:48:12Z")

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I have installed Pumas 2.8.1 on Mac, and completed the entire process without any errors. But when I start the Julia REPL from VS Code. Please help. The terminal process “/Users/farmacyst/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.11.8+0.a…

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## [New version Installation Issue](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/new-version-installation-issue/1422)

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**Author:** [@HariV](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/HariV)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [July 31, 2026, 12:10pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/new-version-installation-issue/1422 "2026-07-31T12:10:54Z")

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Hello! I have an issue regarding the installation of the new version of Pumas, For some reason, the new version is failing to install in the laptop. I tried installing via the VSCOde extension and the manual install as …

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## [Error model representations for RUV](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/error-model-representations-for-ruv/1423)

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**Author:** [@tesh\_sutha99](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/tesh_sutha99)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [July 28, 2026, 1:56pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/error-model-representations-for-ruv/1423 "2026-07-28T13:56:27Z")

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Hello Team, I have couple of questions regarding error model representations. Is dv ~ @. Normal(cp, cp \* σ) same as dv ~ @.Normal(cp, cp\*exp(σ))? An exponential error model is represented as dv ~ @. LogNormal(log(cp),…

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## [Eta shrinkage of an augmented DeepNLME model?](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/eta-shrinkage-of-an-augmented-deepnlme-model/1429)

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**Author:** [@dom-linkevicius](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/dom-linkevicius)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [July 22, 2026, 6:04am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/eta-shrinkage-of-an-augmented-deepnlme-model/1429 "2026-07-22T06:04:23Z")

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Hi, I would like to estimate the eta shrinkage of an augmented DeepNLME model. The base model has a very high shrinkage (0.7-0.9) because it is modelling a very wide variety of behaviours of many different types of ion …

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## [Covariate Relationships](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/covariate-relationships/1428)

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**Author:** [@Abhiram](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/Abhiram)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [July 21, 2026, 6:25am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/covariate-relationships/1428 "2026-07-21T06:25:47Z")

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We build a covariate model to find the effect of any covariates on a pk parameter. Many times it has been observed that covariates has statistically significant effect while modelling, but in real life the covariate eff…

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## [Log-Likelihood Output in DeepPumas Model](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/log-likelihood-output-in-deeppumas-model/1424)

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**Author:** [@SaiAhil](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/SaiAhil)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 20, 2026, 4:46am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/log-likelihood-output-in-deeppumas-model/1424 "2026-07-20T04:46:46Z")

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Hello Team, Today I was working on covariate modelling using Neural networks in the DeepPumas model. So initially while we do the traditional NLME model, we get the marginal likelihood of the fit displayed in the result…

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## [Item Response Theory in Pumas](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/item-response-theory-in-pumas/1401)

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**Author:** [@medhat](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/medhat)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [June 19, 2026, 9:35am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/item-response-theory-in-pumas/1401 "2026-06-19T09:35:43Z")

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Hello, Any previous experiences in using an IRT model (https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/psp4.12280) in Pumas? The idea is to model the latent toxicity severity based on physical examinations and questio…

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## [Using Random Effects as Neural-Network inputs in DeepNLME: is this Statistically sound?](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/using-random-effects-as-neural-network-inputs-in-deepnlme-is-this-statistically-sound/1416)

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**Author:** [@Samrudhi-joshi](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/Samrudhi-joshi)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [June 15, 2026, 8:04am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/using-random-effects-as-neural-network-inputs-in-deepnlme-is-this-statistically-sound/1416 "2026-06-15T08:04:30Z")

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I am trying to evaluate a DeepNLME model where subject-level latent random effects are used directly as inputs to a neural network. Construction In a standard mixed-effects model, random effects (η) influence the model…

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## [Request to access PumasAI Case Study II data file](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/request-to-access-pumasai-case-study-ii-data-file/1418)

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**Author:** [@nemo](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/nemo)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [June 13, 2026, 9:55pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/request-to-access-pumasai-case-study-ii-data-file/1418 "2026-06-13T21:55:31Z")

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Hi PumaAI, I’m trying to understand how to set up my data file for multiple doses, and I followed Case Study II - Building a PopPK model with multiple doses Case Study II - Building a PopPK model with multiple doses . H…

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## [Pre-dose Observation Handling and Clarification on SS](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/pre-dose-observation-handling-and-clarification-on-ss/1394)

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**Author:** [@Dhiravara](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/Dhiravara)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [May 14, 2026, 9:56am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/pre-dose-observation-handling-and-clarification-on-ss/1394 "2026-05-14T09:56:19Z")

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Dear Pumas Support Team, I am new to PopPK modeling and Pumas, and would appreciate some clarification regarding the proper data structure for pre-dose observations and SS dosing My project involves two cohorts receivi…

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## [Passing \`transportcost\` to \`dtw\` in \`DeepPumas.cluster\_subjects\`?](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/passing-transportcost-to-dtw-in-deeppumas-cluster-subjects/1400)

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**Author:** [@dom-linkevicius](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/dom-linkevicius)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [May 13, 2026, 2:18pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/passing-transportcost-to-dtw-in-deeppumas-cluster-subjects/1400 "2026-05-13T14:18:51Z")

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The dtw function in DynamicAxisWarping.jl has a transportcost kwarg. Is it possible to pass this kwarg to cluster\_subjects? As per this post, it is possible to pass a different distance function via a kwarg that’s not do…

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## [Unable to add SymbolicRegression Package in DeepPumas @0.9.0](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/unable-to-add-symbolicregression-package-in-deeppumas-0-9-0/1399)

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**Author:** [@SaiAhil](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/SaiAhil)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [April 30, 2026, 6:49am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/unable-to-add-symbolicregression-package-in-deeppumas-0-9-0/1399 "2026-04-30T06:49:56Z")

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Hello, When I try to add the SymbolicRegression Pkg into my project, it says Unsatisfiable requirement. Kindly let me know how to proceed. This is the error that pops up: julia\> import Pkg; Pkg.add(“SymbolicRegression”…

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## [Issues with installation](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/issues-with-installation/1391)

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**Author:** [@medhat](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/medhat)\
**Replies:** 11\
**Last updated:** [April 27, 2026, 7:38am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/issues-with-installation/1391 "2026-04-27T07:38:44Z")

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Hi all, I’m having some trouble understanding whether I’ve installed or updated Pumas correctly. After some effort, I managed to get Pumas working when I create a new file in the global Julia environment. However, I ca…

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## [Ask Pumas Inaccessable](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/ask-pumas-inaccessable/1398)

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**Author:** [@Donald](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/Donald)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [April 23, 2026, 12:21pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/ask-pumas-inaccessable/1398 "2026-04-23T12:21:58Z")

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Hello, I tried accessing ask.pumas.ai on both my personal and work computers, but I’m getting the privacy error/your connection is not private message. I am assuming the Pumas team is aware, but just posting it here in…

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## [License key not found](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/license-key-not-found/1389)

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**Author:** [@Nitisha](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/Nitisha)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [April 20, 2026, 12:56pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/license-key-not-found/1389 "2026-04-20T12:56:41Z")

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Hi all, I am not able to activate my PUMAS license key. This is the error message I am getting. Attaching a screenshot of it

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## [Two usage issues for Pumas/DeepPumas on a cluster](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/two-usage-issues-for-pumas-deeppumas-on-a-cluster/1397)

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**Author:** [@dom-linkevicius](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/dom-linkevicius)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [April 13, 2026, 7:06am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/two-usage-issues-for-pumas-deeppumas-on-a-cluster/1397 "2026-04-13T07:06:06Z")

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Hi Pumas team, I have an academic cluster license for Pumas/DeepPumas. I have set it up successfully, but I am consistently running into two issues with the licensing manager. I can launch Pumas/DeepPumas on the login…

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## [Pumas v2.8.1 has been relased](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/pumas-v2-8-1-has-been-relased/1396)

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**Author:** [@patrick](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/patrick)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [April 7, 2026, 10:22am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/pumas-v2-8-1-has-been-relased/1396 "2026-04-07T10:22:32Z")

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Dear Pumas users, The whole product development team is happy to announce that Pumas v2.8.1 is now released! :tada: For cloud users images are available for JuliaHub deployment. For Desktop users, installation via the P…

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## [Reporting NCA bugs](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/reporting-nca-bugs/1379)

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**Author:** [@Donald](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/Donald)\
**Replies:** 7\
**Last updated:** [March 28, 2026, 9:39pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/reporting-nca-bugs/1379 "2026-03-28T21:39:34Z")

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Hello, Just noticed a couple bugs I’d like to report. NCA.cmin(ncapop; interval = (t1, t2) gives all values as missing, while NCA.clast doesn’t. AUCinf\_obs and AUCinf\_pred came out incorrect for a given subject. I no…

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## [Implementing Nested Random Effects (Interstudy variability and Between subject variability)](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/implementing-nested-random-effects-interstudy-variability-and-between-subject-variability/1370)

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**Author:** [@shenkoyababajide](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/shenkoyababajide)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [March 22, 2026, 1:17pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/implementing-nested-random-effects-interstudy-variability-and-between-subject-variability/1370 "2026-03-22T13:17:24Z")

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Dear Pumas Support Team, I am conducting an individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA) pooling PK data from \>10 clinical studies. I am intending to partition variability into: Between-subject variability (BSV) - v…

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## [License not found](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/license-not-found/1343)

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**Author:** [@cx2436cx](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/cx2436cx)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [March 13, 2026, 10:56am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/license-not-found/1343 "2026-03-13T10:56:28Z")

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Dear Pumas I tried to enter the license I received to activate my Pumas, but could not make it with an error message as shown in the attached figure. Could you enlighten me about how to resolve it? Thank you. Sincerely …

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## [Ordinal regression](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/ordinal-regression/1388)

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**Author:** [@MathangiCTM](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/MathangiCTM)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [March 12, 2026, 9:43pm UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/ordinal-regression/1388 "2026-03-12T21:43:11Z")

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Hi help, I am trying to run the example on ordinal regression from here: Ordinal Regression When I use the manual way of writing the ordinal model using Categorical, I get the below error. Could you please help? The m…

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## [Unable to Find Pumas Version 2.8.0 in listed versions](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/unable-to-find-pumas-version-2-8-0-in-listed-versions/1386)

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**Author:** [@RAKESHREDDY](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/RAKESHREDDY)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [March 5, 2026, 6:56am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/unable-to-find-pumas-version-2-8-0-in-listed-versions/1386 "2026-03-05T06:56:26Z")

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Hello, I am unable to find Pumas version 2.8.0 in the command palette. When I search for the available versions, it only shows versions up to 2.7.1. I have attached the screenshot for reference. Could you please guide …

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## [Error while running the simulations](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/error-while-running-the-simulations/1385)

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**Author:** [@Bhargav](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/Bhargav)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [March 4, 2026, 7:42am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/error-while-running-the-simulations/1385 "2026-03-04T07:42:12Z")

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Hi everyone, I am trying to simulate a two-compartment Rucaparib PopPK model in Pumas, based on the FDA model (Green et al., 2022). When I run simobs, I get the following error: ERROR: UndefVarError: F1 not defined in…

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## [Error code when I start repl](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/error-code-when-i-start-repl/1384)

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**Author:** [@tesh\_sutha99](https://discourse.pumas.ai/u/tesh_sutha99)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [March 3, 2026, 9:26am UTC](https://discourse.pumas.ai/t/error-code-when-i-start-repl/1384 "2026-03-03T09:26:25Z")

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Hello community, My Pumas v2.8.0 is throwing an error immediately after I start Julia REPL. Pumas works fine and I am able to use it, however this error pops everytime i start Julia REPL Kind request to assisst me with…

[Next page](https://discourse.pumas.ai/latest.md?page=1)